Leda is a multiparadigm programming language designed by Timothy A. Budd. It supports imperative, object-oriented, functional and logic programming paradigms. Click here for Information and an interpreter. { 99 bottles of beer, Leda version } { By Arion Lei (philipl@cs.ust.hk) } include "std.led"; const verse1 := " bottles of beer on the wall,\n"; verse2 := " bottles of beer. Take one down, pass it around,\n"; verse3 := " bottles of beer on the wall.\n"; verse4 := "No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.\n"; verse5 := "Go to the store and buy some more... 99 bottles of beer.\n\n"; { ========== IMPERATIVE PROGRAMMING =========== } function proc_Beer (bottleTotal : integer); var bottleLeft : integer; begin bottleLeft := bottleTotal; while bottleLeft>0 do begin print(bottleLeft); print(verse1); print(bottleLeft); print(verse2); bottleLeft := bottleLeft - 1; if (bottleLeft>0) then begin print(bottleLeft); print(verse3); end; end; print(verse4); print(verse5); end; { proc_Beer } { ========== OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING =========== } class Beers; var bottleLeft : integer; function more () -> boolean; begin return bottleLeft > 0; end; function consume1 (); begin print(bottleLeft); print(verse1); print(bottleLeft); print(verse2); bottleLeft := bottleLeft - 1; if (bottleLeft>0) then begin print(bottleLeft); print(verse3); end else begin print(verse4); print(verse5); end; end; end; { class Beers } function obj_Beer (bottleTotal : integer); var obeer : Beers; begin obeer := Beers(bottleTotal); while (obeer.more()) do obeer.consume1(); end; { obj_Beer } { ========== FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING =========== } function func_Beer (num : integer) -> function(); begin return function (); begin print(num); print(verse1); print(num); print(verse2); if num>1 then begin print(num-1); print(verse3); func_Beer(num-1)(); end else begin print(verse4); print(verse5); end; end; end; { func_Beer } { ========== LOGIC PROGRAMMING =========== } function log_Beer (bottleTotal : integer); function pickBottle (byRef left : integer, total : integer)->relation; begin if total = 0 then return false else return left <- total | pickBottle(left, total-1); end; function consume (i : integer)->relation; begin print(i); print(verse1); print(i); print(verse2); if i>1 then begin print(i-1); print(verse3); end else begin print(verse4); print(verse5); end; return true; end; var i : integer; begin for pickBottle(i, bottleTotal) & consume(i) do begin end; end; { log_Beer } { ---------- MAIN PROGRAM ---------- } var bottleTotal : integer; begin bottleTotal := 99; proc_Beer (bottleTotal); obj_Beer (bottleTotal); func_Beer(bottleTotal)(); log_Beer(bottleTotal); end;